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Defending a Landlord/Tenant Action
Self Help - Magisterial District Court

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My Landlord filed a Landlord/Tenant complaint against me in Magisterial District Court. Is this an Eviction?
  • In Pennsylvania, what is commonly called "Eviction", is rightly termed an "action for possession of real property under the Landlord and Tenant Act".
  • This action can arise from a residential lease, such as an apartment or house, or a commercial lease, for a retail store or other business.
  • A Landlord/Tenant Complaint can ask for money for costs, rent in arrears and/or damages to the property as well as Possession (Eviction).
  • There is a simplified summary process for Eviction. The Magisterial District Court has standardized Landlord/Tenant Complaint forms for the Landlord to complete and file.
  • There must be a recognized Landlord/Tenant relationship for a Plaintiff/Landlord to file for possession of real property.
  • This action is filed at the Magisterial District Court.
When and where is the Hearing?

The location, time and date of the hearing is listed on the Hearing Notice sent with the copy of the Landlord/Tenant Complaint filed by the Landlord

What happens if I do nothing?

The Notice on the Landlord/Tenant complaint states:

IF YOU HAVE A DEFENSE to this complaint you may present it at the hearing. IF YOU HAVE A CLAIM against the Plaintiff/Landlord arising out of the occupancy of the premises, which is in the magisterial district judge jurisdiction and which you intend to assert at the hearing, YOU MUST FILE it on the complaint form at the office BEFORE THE TIME set for the hearing.
IF YOU DO NOT APPEAR AT THE HEARING, a judgment for possession and costs, and for damages and rent if claimed, may nevertheless be entered against you. A judgment against you for possession may result in your EVICTION from the premises. If you do not defend at the District Court or Appeal within the required time of any eviction or money judgment against you, you will not be able to raise a defense to the judgment in the future.
What happens if I do not Enter an Appearance or I do not attend the Hearing?

If you, the Defendant/Tenant, do not appear at the hearing, after entering a defense, or do not enter a defense, it may result in a Default Judgment in favor of the Plaintiff/Landlord. Or in some cases, the Magisterial District Judge may grant a continuance of the case for cause.

In a Landlord/Tenant claim, the Plaintiff/Landlord or his representative must be present in order to seek a judgment and possession.

What is a Default Judgment in Favor of the Plaintiff/Landlord?

Default Judgment in favor of the Plaintiff/Landlord means the Plaintiff/Landlord will be awarded the judgment asked for without having to present their case to the Magisterial District Court Judge. The Defendant/Tenant will lose the case because he failed to defend the case or appear in court.

How do I dispute the Landlord's complaint?
Entering a Defense.

Follow the instructions on the Notice of Hearing. If you wish to dispute the claim, you must "ENTER A DEFENSE".

To Enter a Defense, telephone the office of the Magisterial District Court where the claim is filed. The phone number is located within the block on the top left corner of the form.

The plaintiff must be notified by the court of your intent to defend the claim, therefore; it may be necessary to reschedule the hearing.

Can I Sue the Plaintiff at the same time?

Rule 508 Claim by Defendant controls claims against the Landlord arising out of the occupancy of the premises that are within the jurisdiction of the Magisterial District Judge.

If you have a claim against the Plaintiff/Landlord, which you intend to assert at the hearing, you must file a Civil Complaint.

Your civil complaint must be filed at the Magisterial District Court office before the date set for the original hearing.

If you file a Civil Complaint, the Plaintiff/Landlord will be notified. The hearing may be continued/rescheduled if the Plaintiff/Landlord is not able to be served with your Civil Complaint prior to the hearing. The Magisterial District Judge will consider both claims at the hearing.

How Do I get the Witnesses to come to the Hearing?

You may serve witnesses with subpoenas. You have the right to get subpoenas from the Magisterial District Judge. A subpoena requires a witness to come to the hearing even if he/she does not want to come. The subpoena also can require the witness to bring specific documents to the hearing. You need to get the subpoenas as soon as possible to be sure that the witnesses get them in time for the hearing.

How Do I Serve the Subpoenas?

If you intend to use subpoenas, you must follow the Magisterial District Court Rules pertaining to Subpoenas and the Service of Subpoenas located in Chapter 200 of the rules.

You cannot serve the Subpoena in your own case. You must have the Subpoena served by a "competent adult." Rule 202 states that a "competent adult" means an individual eighteen years of age or older who is (1) not an incapacitated person, (2) not a party of the action, and (3) not an employee or a relative of a party.

The person who served the subpoena then must complete the back of the subpoena the Return of Service and file it with the Magisterial District Court Office within 48 hours of service. You may fax the Return of Service to the Magisterial District Court Office.

The Hearing
I Have my Hearing Date and Time. What should I do before the hearing?

Consult with your attorney if you choose to have one, and gather and organize any lease, notices, bills, receipts, rent demands, or other letters relating to your claim. You must have any document that is important to your case with you. The Magisterial District Judge will only consider documents presented at the hearing.

After all the testimony, the Magisterial District Judge will decide the case. He/She may make the decision in court after all the evidence is taken. If he/she does not do this, a decision must be made within 5 days and a copy of it sent to each party.

What happens at the hearing?

At the hearing, the plaintiff will be the first to present testimony. He/She can testify and have witnesses. You and your witnesses will testify after the plaintiffs side of the case has been presented.

You will be given a chance to ask your witnesses questions. You will also be able to question the Plaintiff/Landlord and his/her witnesses. The Magisterial District Judge may ask questions of all the witnesses at any time. The Magisterial District Judge will decide whether or not to hear certain evidence if either the Plaintiff/Landlord or defendant objects to it.

Most of the time written statements from people who do not appear to testify will not be considered by the Magisterial District Judge. The exception is that he/she will consider a bill, estimate, receipt or statement of account which was made in the regular course of business. For instance, your receipt for household repairs or rent receipts would be considered by the Magisterial District Judge.

How do I know who wins or loses?

You will get a judgment/transcript on paper (this may be mailed to you if the MDJ opts to think about the case before ruling) stating one or more of the following:

  • Possession of property has been granted to the Plaintiff/Landlord.
    • Tenant has been evicted and cannot stay even if they pay. The Tenant may still appeal the eviction within 10 days of the judgement.
  • Possession of property has been granted to Plaintiff/Landlord, if the money judgment is not satisfied by the time of eviction
    • Tenant can be evicted, if Tenant does not pay what they owe to Landlord or appeal in 10 days
  • Defendant/Tenant owes Plaintiff/Landlord a specific amount of money for rent in arrears, filing fees and any other damages Landlord claimed.

If you filed a cross complaint against your Landlord, you will receive a separate judgment on those claims. As Civil Complaints grant a monetary amount only, the time for appeal is 30 days.

Click here for an example of a ruling in which the MDJ granted possession to the Landlord if the Tenant did not pay $2,753.61 in back rent and costs within 10 days of the judgment.

What happens if I lose?
Can I appeal the decision?

You have the right to appeal a decision to the Court of Common Pleas. You may want to consult an attorney before you appeal.

For more information see Appealing a Landlord/Tenant Eviction if you were the Defendant/Tenant.

Do I still have to pay my rent if I appeal?

You may have to pay 3 months' rent or the rent in arrears, whichever is less, to be deposited with the Clerk of Judicial Records at the time of appeal. Your rent must be paid into escrow in the Clerk of Judicial Records instead of to the Landlord unless you qualify for a Tenant's Supersedeas

Appealing an Eviction or judgment for money does not excuse you from paying your future rent, rent in arrears or other money judgment against you. If you qualify because you are indigent, a Tenant's Supersedeas may delay your payments during the Appeal. For more information see Appealing a Landlord/Tenant Eviction if you were the Defendant/Tenant.

I decided not to appeal the Eviction or pay the Landlord. What will happen?

If Possession is granted to the Plaintiff/Landlord and you do not pay the judgment and/or move from the property or appeal within 10 days, the Plaintiff/Landlord can go to the Magisterial District Judge's office and ask that an Order of Possession (often called an Eviction Order) be entered.

The Plaintiff/Landlord may ask for an Order of Possession as soon as the 11th day after the judgment or, if the Landlord and Tenant are trying to come to an agreement, the Landlord may choose to give the Tenant more time to pay, but the Landlord may request an Order for Possession within 120 days after the judgment without going back to court.

Any unpaid money judgment will still be binding, will be record and could show up on your credit history. The judgment amount may be collectable by the Plaintiff/Landlord by wage garnishment or other methods of collection.

What Does the Order of Possession Do?

Under Rule 516. Issuance and Reissuance of Order for Possession, the Magisterial District Judge will deliver the Order for Possession to the sheriff or a constable who will serve it upon the Defendant/Tenant. The Order of Possession gives the Tenant 10 more days to vacate the premises. This Order does not collect the rent or other money owed to the Landlord. Read the entire text of Rule 516 for more information.

If the property the sheriff or constable says will be sold is not owned by you, the person or company who owns it should contact the Magisterial District Court. This includes appliances, furniture and other items, which are not completely paid for yet. Also, if you are married and the judgment is only against you, your spouse can claim a third party claim with the Magisterial District Court on property you both own.

What happens if I do not move out or pay after I get an Order for Possession?

You may be forcibly removed from the premises by a sheriff or constable. Rule 519 b. Forcible Entry and Delivery of Possession allows for the forcible entry and physical removal of the Tenant.

If, on or after the eleventh (11th) day following the service of the order for possession in cases arising out of a residential lease, the defendant or any unauthorized occupant remains on the real property, the officer executing the order for possession shall use such force as may be necessary to enter upon the property, by the breaking in of any door or otherwise, and to eject the defendant and any unauthorized occupant and shall deliver possession of the real property to the plaintiff or the plaintiff's agent.

Any unpaid money judgment will still be binding, may be recorded and could show up on your credit history. The judgment amount may be collectable by the Plaintiff/Landlord by wage garnishment or other methods of collection.

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Disclaimer
The forms and instructions that are available from this website are not a substitute for professional legal advice. Court employees cannot give you legal advice or help you fill out /complete the forms. It is your responsibility to read and complete the forms and to take required steps to file and serve the documents. If you decide to use these forms in an actual action, be prepared to spend appropriate time gathering information, completing forms and following the Rules of Court. The Court assumes no responsibility for the use of these forms and accepts no liability for actions taken by using these documents, including reliance on the instructions and/or contents. To obtain legal advice and to insure the proper use of this material, you should contact a lawyer.

If you want to obtain the service of an attorney, but do not know whom to contact, you should visit the Lehigh Bar Association's Lawyer Referral Service website.

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